Notes:
The scene depicted on this dish is from the ‘Romance of the Three Kingdoms’ (三國演義), a historical novel attributed to the 14th century writer Luo Guanzhong. While a work of fiction, the novel includes some historical figures, and follows the battles, intrigues and struggles of warring lords during the turbulent hundred year period from the end of the Han dynasty (189-220AD) to the end of the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD). The scene relates to an episode in Chapter 8 of the novel, in which the minister Wang Yun sets in motion his plan to thwart the tyrannical warlord Dong Zhuo, who had ousted the rightful emperor and seized control of the kingdom. Wang Yun and his adopted daughter, the beautiful and talented Diaochan, intend to depose the violent pretender by sowing seeds of discord between him and Lu Bu, a heartless mercenary and his adopted son acting as second-in-command. Wang Yun orders a jeweller to make a splendid golden headdress to send to Lu Bu, who, delighted and flattered by the gift, comes to the minister’s peony pavilion to express his gratitude in person. There, in the scene depicted on this dish, he glimpses the beautiful Diaochan, instantly falling under her spell, and into Wang Yun’s trap. After plying the warrior with wine and flattery, Wang Yun offers his adopted daughter up as a handmaiden, a proposal which Lu Bu instantly accepts before withdrawing for the night. Later in the chapter, Wang Yun and Diaochan repeat their scheme, ensnaring Lu Bu’s master, the warlord Dong Zhuo, through similar means at their country residence. Diaochan is once again offered up as a concubine and servant to Dong Zhuo, who, delighted with this offer, immediately sets off with her for the palace, with Wang Yun in attendance. During the journey the entourage is apprehended by Lu Bu, who demands to know why his betrothed is being carried away in this manner. Wang Yun and his daughter continue to deceive both men through various schemes and intrigues, sowing further discord between them which eventually results in the murder of Dong Zhuo by his adopted son.
A later passage offers a few lines written by a ‘scholar of history’ regarding the affair: ‘Just introduce a woman,/ Conspiracies succeed;/ Of soldiers, or their weapons,/ There really is no need./ They fought their bloody battles,/ And doughty deeds were done;/ But in a garden summer house/ The victory was won.’ (Chapter 9, 26, trans. C.H. Brewitt-Taylor).
Antique Chinese porcelain often depicts a wide array of stories, symbols, and motifs, each with its own rich history and cultural significance. Here are some sources of inspiration for stories depicted on antique Chinese porcelain:
Mythology and Folklore: Chinese mythology is rich with colorful characters, epic tales, and moral lessons. Stories of gods and goddesses, mythical creatures like dragons and phoenixes, and legendary heroes such as the Monkey King from the classic novel "Journey to the West" often find their way onto porcelain. These tales can inspire narratives of adventure, heroism, and the eternal struggle between good and evil.
Historical Events: Chinese history spans thousands of years and is marked by countless significant events and periods. Porcelain may depict scenes from famous battles, imperial court ceremonies, or important cultural moments. These stories can serve as windows into the past, offering insights into the lives of emperors, scholars, warriors, and common people alike.
Literature and Poetry: Chinese literature is renowned for its beauty and depth. Poems, classical novels, and literary classics often inspire porcelain designs. For example, scenes from "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" or verses from the works of poets like Li Bai and Du Fu may be depicted on porcelain, evoking themes of love, nature, and the human experience.
Symbolism and Allegory: Chinese culture is rich in symbolism, with many objects and motifs carrying specific meanings. For instance, the lotus flower symbolizes purity and enlightenment, while the crane represents longevity and immortality. Porcelain designs may incorporate these symbols to convey deeper philosophical or spiritual messages, inspiring stories of personal growth, resilience, and the pursuit of wisdom.
Nature and the Seasons: Chinese art often celebrates the beauty of the natural world and its changing seasons. Porcelain may feature landscapes, flowers, birds, and animals, reflecting the harmony between humanity and nature. These motifs can inspire stories of renewal, balance, and the cyclical nature of life.
Cultural Traditions and Rituals: Chinese porcelain often reflects cultural traditions, customs, and rituals passed down through generations. From traditional festivals like the Lunar New Year to rituals honoring ancestors, these elements provide rich material for storytelling, exploring themes of family, tradition, and the passage of time.
Influence of Other Cultures: Chinese porcelain has a long history of interaction with other cultures through trade and exchange. Designs may incorporate elements inspired by foreign art styles, such as Islamic patterns or European motifs. These cross-cultural influences can inspire stories of cultural exchange, adaptation, and the interconnectedness of civilizations.
By drawing on these sources of inspiration, storytellers can create narratives that resonate with the rich cultural heritage and artistic legacy embodied in antique Chinese porcelain.